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Abstract Objective: To evaluate preoperative and postoperative body fluid distribution with a bioelectrical impedance analyzer in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: Fifteen adult patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass were included in this study. Total body fluid changes, basal metabolism rates, body fat masses, lean body masses, and total cell masses were recorded. The patients' values were measured before anesthesia, after anesthesia, after sternotomy, at the 5th, 30th, and 60th minutes of cardiopulmonary bypass, and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days. All values were compared with preoperative values. Results: Total body fluid changed significantly after cardiopulmonary bypass (P<0.01). Metabolic velocity significantly changed compared to preoperative measurements (P<0.05). Fat mass and lean body mass also changed significantly. Body mass index and phase angle did not change significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion: Changes in body fluids during and after cardiopulmonary bypass are inevitable. The increase in total body weight shows that this fluid load shifts to the extracellular space during bypass and the fluid load in this area passes into the intravascular area in the early postoperative period. This may cause edema and dysfunction in the major organs. Therefore, the fluid balance should be adjusted very carefully, especially during the bypass phase and the early postoperative period.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Body Composition , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Postoperative Period , Body Weight , Electric ImpedanceABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Short-term fasting may influence intraocular pressure (IOP) due to alteration of fluid (total body water; TBW, and water intake) and fat (total body fat; TBF). This study aimed: i) to compare IOP values within and between, fasting and non-fasting periods; and ii) to assess the association between IOP and, TBW and TBF. Methods: Thirty healthy participants aged 21.8±1.1 years were assessed on two different periods (fasting vs. non-fasting). During each period, the IOP, TBW and TBF values were assessed for four times (morning, afternoon, evening, late-evening). The IOP was measured using AccuPen® tonopen, while TBW and TBF were assessed by using a Tanita body composition analyser. Results: During fasting, the IOP value in the afternoon (14.53±2.33 mmHg) was significantly higher than in the evening (12.43±2.73 mmHg, p=0.009) and late-evening (12.60±2.44 mmHg, p=0.003). No significant difference in IOP was observed during non-fasting period. The mean of IOP in the evening was significantly lower during fasting compared to non-fasting (12.43±2.73 mmHg vs 13.75±2.53 mmHg, p=0.044). The IOP and TBW were negatively correlated (r=-0.268; p=0.011) during non-fasting and showed no association during fasting period. There was no significant correlation between IOP and TBF during both fasting and non-fasting periods. Conclusion: IOP reduction during short-term fasting, together with the no association with TBF and TBW suggested that IOP is an independent factor that reduces during fasting in healthy population.
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Introducción: El agua mantiene un rango normal en personas aparentemente sanas, el cual se altera ante la existencia de diversas enfermedades. Objetivo: Conocer cuánto se diferencian los valores de agua corporal total estimados por las ecuaciones de agua corporal total, de Kushner, de Deurenberg y de Heitman, con respecto a los obtenidos clínicamente por el método de impedancia bioeléctrica a 50 kHz. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal, de abril a diciembre del 2018, en 62 individuos: 31 adultos aparentemente sanos y 31 niños y adolescentes con diferentes enfermedades, ingresados en el Hospital Infantil Docente Sur Dr. Antonio María Béguez César de Santiago de Cuba (24 en el Servicio de Misceláneas y 7 en el de Oncopediatría). El agua corporal total y los parámetros bioeléctricos se estimaron con el analizador de impedancia bioeléctrica Bodystat® 1500-MDD, a 50 kHz, por el método tetrapolar ipsilateral derecho. Se utilizó el criterio de Bland-Altman, para un 95 % de confianza, a fin de conocer si las ecuaciones de Kushner, de Deurenberg y de Heitman podían sustituir a la ecuación de referencia. Resultados: Las ecuaciones de agua corporal total, de Kushner y de Deurenberg no mostraron diferencias significativas respecto a la ecuación de referencia, mientras que la ecuación de Heitman sí presentó diferencias significativas en relación con el resto de las ecuaciones. El método de Bland-Altman demostró que la ecuación de Kushner posee mayor concordancia con la ecuación de referencia. Conclusiones: La ecuación de Kushner es la de mayor exactitud para la estimación del agua corporal total en personas sanas y en las afectadas por entidades clínicas.
Introduction: The water maintains a normal range in apparently healthy people, which changes with the existence of diverse diseases. Objective: To know how the values of total body water estimated by Kushner, Deurenberg and Heitman equations of total body water, differ regarding those obtained clinically by the method of bioelectric impedance at 50 kHz. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, from April to December, 2018, in 62 individuals: 31 apparently healthy adults and 31 children and adolescents with different diseases, admitted to "Dr. Antonio María Béguez César" Southern Teaching Children Hospital in Santiago de Cuba (24 in the Miscellaneous Service and 7 in Oncopediatrics Service). The total body water and the bioelectric parameters were considered with the analyzer of bioelectric impedance Bodystat® 1500-MDD, at 50 kHz, for the right ipsilateral tetrapolar method. The approach of Bland-Altman was used, for 95% of confidence in order to know if Kushner, Deurenberg and Heitman equations could substitute the reference equation. Results: Kushner and Deurenberg equations of total body water didn't show significant differences regarding the reference equation, while Heitman equation presented significant differences related to the rest of the equations. The Bland-Altman method demonstrated that the equation of Kushner has higher concordance with the reference equation. Conclusions: Kushner equation has the highest accuracy for the estimate of total body water in healthy people and in those affected by diseases.
Subject(s)
Body Water , Electric ImpedanceABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) can be used to estimate body composition. To achieve the best results, the manufacturer's guidelines advise that individuals should restrict intake of food or caffeine, avoid vigorous exercise for 4 hours, and drink 2–4 glasses of water 2 hours before testing. We evaluated the appropriacy of drinking 2–4 glasses of water 2 hours before the BIA, as the validity of this indication has not been specifically demonstrated, by comparing intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW) in the fasting state, and after 1 and 2 hours of ingesting 500 mL of water.METHODS: Twenty-nine healthy adult men (n=10) and women (n=19) were recruited for the study. In the fasting state, the InBody 720 analyzer was used as multi-frequency (MF)-BIA and the output was recorded to determine the exact weight. Subsequently, Medinex BIA 450 analyzer was used as single-frequency (SF)-BIA, and the output was recorded. After drinking 500 mL of water 1 or 2 hours before assessment, the BIA tests were repeated as indicated above, and the ICW, ECW, TBW were compared by repeated measures ANOVA.RESULTS: SF-BIA measurements showed that compared to fasting state, the ICW decreased by approximately 0.56 L after 1 hour of drinking (P=0.001). The ECW was increased by about 0.62 L, 1 hour after drinking water compared to the fasting state (P=0.002). There were no significant differences between the results of BIA testing at 1 and 2 hours of fluid intake. The MF-BIA measurements indicated that testing after fasting, or 1 or 2 hours after fluid intake, did not result in significantly different ICW and ECW values. TBW showed no significant differences in the fasting state, or after 1 or 2 hours of fluid intake for both SF and MF.CONCLUSION: Several studies have shown that bioelectrical impedance should be measured in the fasting state. But not the food intake, drinking 500 mL of water may be permitted when measuring MF-BIA. However, for SF-BIA measurements, fluid intake resulted in an increase in the ECW level and a decrease in ICW.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Composition , Body Water , Caffeine , Drinking , Drinking Water , Eating , Electric Impedance , Eyeglasses , Fasting , Glass , WaterABSTRACT
We evaluated the effect of gosyajinkigan in 30 cases of anticholinergic agent or α-1 blockers resistant nocturia with a sign of jinkyo which is the hypofunction of the kidney organ unit at Kampo medicine. As to subjective outcomes, storage symptoms and quality of life (QOL) of International Prostate Symptom Score, and sleep and energy items of King's Health Questionnaire and Nocturia QOL Questionnaire were statistically much improved. Concerning objective outcomes, nocturnal frequency of urination, nocturnal polyuria index and hours of undisturbed sleep by means of frequency volume chart, and total body water by body composition analyser were also statistically much improved. This study might demonstrate that normalization of body composition leads to reduce nocturnal urinary volume and improve nocturia.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between body composition and adequacy of dialysis,and analyze the related risk factors for inadequate delivery of hemodialysis.Methods In a prospective clinical trial,two different methods determining dialysis dose were simultaneously applied:Kt/Vdau (conventional method with Daugirdas' formula) and Kt/Vbem [online clearance monitoring (OCM) measurement with Ⅴ measured by body composition monitor (BCM)].Using the value of 1.27 as the boundary,the patients were divided into two groups:Kt/Vbcm ＜ 1.27 group and Kt/Vbcm≥ 1.27 group.Clinical indices were compared between the two groups.Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the potential impact factors of the difference between Kt/V values calculated by the two methods.Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to analyze meaningful factors.Results A total of 138 maintenance hemodialysis patients with age of (54.9±12.7) years old were enrolled,and 55.1％ of them were males.There was no significant difference between Kt/Vdau and Kt/Vbcm [1.432(1.235,1.718) vs 1.434 (1.244,1.642),P=0.823].Kt/Vdau was incidentally prone to falsely high values due to operative errors,whereas in these cases OCM-based measurement Kt/Vbcm delivered realistic values.An excellent correlation was observed between Kt/Vdau and Kt/Vbcm;the mean difference was 0.07,95％CI (-0.66-0.79);the correlation coefficient was 0.842(0.821-0.862).The patients in Kt/Vbcm≥ 1.27 group had older age,lower body mass index (BMI),lower height and weight,lower total body water (TBW),lower extracellular water,lower intracellular water,and lower lean tissue index (LTI) compared to those in Kt/Vbcm ＜ 1.27 group.Excellent correlations were observed between Kt/Vbcm and TBW or LTI (r=-0.834,P ＜ 0.001;r=-0.721,P ＜ 0.001).ROC curve analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of predicting inadequate delivery of hemodialysis were 87.1％ and 86.5％,with a threshold of 30 L for TBW.It also showed that the sensitivity and specificity of predicting inadequate delivery of hemodialysis were 60.4％ and 94.6％,with a threshold of 11.05 kg/m2 for LTI.Conclusions BCM can give more accurate parameters of urea distribution volume,thus modifying the result of Kt/V.TBW and LTI are important risk influencing factors for inadequately dialysis,and special attention should be paid to patients with TBW ＞ 30 L or LTI ＞ 11.05 kg/m2.
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BACKGROUND: Little information is available on the validity of anthropometry or impedance-based equations for prediction of total body water (TBW) in African children. This study was designed to validate and develop equations to predict total body water in Cameroonian children. METHODS: TBW was measured by deuterium dilution in 102 children between 24 and 60 months of age and compared with the ones predicted by 5 anthropometric and 7 BIA equations. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to develop prediction equations for TBW from anthropometric parameters. RESULTS: Unacceptable discrepancies in the estimates of TBW at individual level were noted with all the equations tested. The following new anthropometry and BIA equations for the estimation of TBW were respectively developed: TBW = 6.488 + 0.434 × sex−0.039 × age + 0.670 × weight−0.081 × MUAC (cm)−0.372 × BMI (adjustedR2= 0.71,RMSE = 3.6), and TBW =−6.206 + 0.0037 × height2/Z−0.041 × age + 0.265 × weight + 0.1214 × height (adjustedR2=0.68, RMSE = 1.4). The cross-validation procedures revealed that the predicted values of TBW compared with measured values are accurate at a group level. CONCLUSION: The current published anthropometric and BIA equations are invalid for the estimation of TBW in Cameroonian preschool children. The newly developed anthropometry or BIA prediction equations are valid for use in Cameroonian children aged 2460 months
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Anthropometry/methods , Body Water/chemistry , Deuterium/analysis , Deuterium/pharmacokinetics , Electric ImpedanceABSTRACT
Objetivos: Comparar la precisión de las fórmulas antropométricas de Watson, Hume-Weyers, y el basado en elporcentaje del peso según sexo, para estimar el agua corporal total en relación a la medida por bioimpedanciaeléctrica considerando ésta como gold standard. Material y métodos: Se enrolaron 17 voluntarios sanos entre 21a 29 años de edad, con antropometría normal y en condiciones de vida cotidiana. Para evaluar la precisión en laestimación del agua corporal se usó la t de Student pareada y para estimar el error sistemático se usó el análisisde regresión lineal y la correlación de Pearson...
Objectives: To compare the precision of Watson´s, Hume-Weyers´ anthropometric formula and that based on thebody percentage by gender to estimate de total body water in relation to that measured by electric bio impedanceconsidering the latter as the gold standard. Methods: 17 healthy volunteers with normal anthropometric valuesbetween 21 and 29 years were recruited. Paired students´ t-test was used to evaluate the precision in the estimationof body water, and logistic regression analysis and Pearson´s correlation was used to evaluate systematic error...
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Humans , Anthropometry , Body Water , Electric Impedance , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Many methods are available for measuring body fat of an individual, each having its own advantages and limitations. The primary objective of the present study was to validate body fat estimates from individual methods using the 4-compartment (4C) model as reference. The second objective was to obtain estimates of hydration of fat free mass (FFM) using the 4C model. Methods: The body fat of 39 adults (19 men and 20 women) aged 20-40 yr was estimated using air displacement plethysmography (ADP), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), 4-skinfold technique and bio-electrical impedance (BIA). Total body water was estimated using isotope dilution method. Results: All the methods underestimated body fat when compared to 4C model, except for DEXA and the mean difference from the reference was lowest for DEXA and ADP. The precision of the fat mass estimated from 4C model using the propagation of error was 0.25 kg, while the mean hydration factor obtained by the 4C model was found to be 0.74 ± 0.02 in the whole group of men and women. Interpretations & conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that DEXA and ADP methods can provide reasonably accurate estimates of body fat, while skinfold and bio-electrical impedance methods require the use of population specific equations.
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PURPOSE: We wanted to evaluate the effect of body composition and age on the metabolic responses before and after elective colorectal resection. METHODS: We studied 20 active, healthy patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery. Their body composition was measured by using a Bioelectrical Impedance Analyzer. The O2 and CO2 consumption (VO2 and VCO2), respiratory quotient (RQ) and resting energy expenditure (REE) were measured by Indirect Calorimetry with using a Ventilated Hood System. RESULTS: The median age was 55 year (range: 35~70 year). The serum glucose, cortisol, insulin, C-reactive protein, cathecholamine and total body water (TBW), postoperative mean VO2, VCO2 and REE were all independent of patient age. The REE increased 9+/-4.3% after operation, but this increase was not related to age. The TBW was strongly related with the preoperative VO2 and VCO2, and the preoperative REE (r2=0.42~0.57, P<0.001). The postoperative VO2, VCO2 and REE were dependent on the TBW. The preoperative REE was dependent on the age, gender, preoperative TBW and body muscle mass (r2=0.526, P<0.000). The postoperative REE was dependent on the TBW and it was strongly related with the preoperative value (r2=0.796, P< 0.000). The postoperative day change of the REE was dependent on the postoperative day change of the TBW (r2=0.700, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: The TBW was not related to age. The TBW was the most valuable index to predict the change of the postoperative REE. Therefore, the preoperative TBW may be considered as the meaningful indicator to predict the change of the postoperative REE.
Subject(s)
Humans , Blood Glucose , Body Composition , Body Water , C-Reactive Protein , Calorimetry, Indirect , Colorectal Surgery , Electric Impedance , Energy Metabolism , Hydrocortisone , InsulinABSTRACT
This research verified changes in composition in various parts of the body caused by conductive heat and the influence of the body composition on the effect of the contra-lateral thermal reaction in order to clarify factors for improving the effect of local bathing. The body composition was investigated by means of Segmental Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. The percentage of fat was 14.23±2.40% in men and 29.60±7.66% in women, indicating a higher percentage in women than in men (p<0.01). The volume of body fluids in lower limbs was 6.46±0.83<i>l</i> in the right limb and 6.39±0.86<i>l</i> in the left limb of men, and 4.78±0.49<i>l</i> in the right limb and 4.78±0.49<i>l</i> in the left limb of women, indicating a higher value in men than in women (both p<0.01). During each bathing, the volume of body fluids on the surface, in deep part 1 and deep part 2 of men reached a maximum earlier than that of women.<br>Conclusions: 1) In bathing using external conductive heat, sebaceous is a large factor for changes in temperature both on the surface and in deep parts. 2) In bathing part of the body, there is little movement of total body water (TBW) and fluids inside the body eliminating risk factors of bathing such as the oligohidria, suggesting that bathing is a safe treatment for elderly people. 3) In the contra-lateral thermal reaction using conductive heat, the possibility of increasing the effect of raising the temperature on the surface and in deep parts on the non-bathing side was suggested.
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To find reference total body water (TBW) values in healthy Korean adults, we performed single frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis on 2942 healthy adults and compared these data with those of normal western adults. Males were found to have greater TBW than females. Conversely, females were found to have greater percent fat (pFat) than males. In both sexes, body weight (BW) and TBW were significantly lower in age groups of or= 60 years than in the 40 - 49 years age group. pFats were significantly higher in age groups of 50 - 59 and >or= 60 years than in the 40 - 49 years age group. pFats were similar among age groups of < 30, 30 - 39, and 40 - 49 in both sexes. In all age groups, pFats were significantly higher in females than in males. TBW was significantly correlated with BW, height (HT), fat mass, and body mass index (BMI) in both sexes. There was a significant correlation between TBW and age in males(r=-0.15, p=0.00), but not in females (r=-0.02, p=0.45). On linear regression analysis, TBW values were independently associated with BW, HT and age in males and were independently associated with BW and BMI in females. In all age groups, Korean males and females had lower mean TBW than in Western populations. However, this difference was greater in males than in females. In summary, we represented the contemporary normal TBW data in healthy Korean adults. At present, there are no national reference data relating TBW in Korea. We hope the results of this study will be useful as the baseline data for the evaluation of hydration and nutritional status in healthy and ill adults, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Body Water/metabolism , Comparative Study , Electric Impedance , Korea , Middle Aged , Reference Values , Western WorldABSTRACT
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to determine total body water (TBW) and lean body mass (LBM) in patients with renal failure. The body's electrical resistance (R) was measured by the voltage to current ratio, injecting an 800microA alternating current with a frequency of 50KHZ and detecting a voltage drop between the wrist and the ankle. Impedance index (Height2/Resistance) compared favorably with TBW measured by deuterium (D2O) dilution method as the reference, giving the correlation coefficient (r) of 0.966 and standard error estimation (SEE) of 2.71 liter. The index was compared with LBM determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) as the reference, giving r of 0.970 and SEE of 3.00kg. The r of 0.985 and SEE of 2.15kg were found between the reference method. BIA appeared to have a somewhat lower accuracy than those of the reference method. However, it is a useful clinical tool for estimating body composition, because it is easy, rapid and non-invasive. The existing BIA method is based on an extremely simple conductor model of the body. The accuracy may be improved further, based on a more realistic model for the body.
Subject(s)
Humans , Absorptiometry, Photon , Ankle , Body Composition , Body Water , Deuterium , Electric Impedance , Renal Insufficiency , WristABSTRACT
This study was conducted to assess body composition and somatotype in elite female distance runners and to investigate the relationship between body composition and somatotype. Nine elite female distance runners (21.6±2.7 yrs) and 10 female college students (21.4±0.5 yrs) as a control group participated in this study. Body composition was estimated in terms of total body water based on the analysis of dilution of orally ingested deuterium oxide (D<SUB>2</SUB>O) in urine. Somatotype was estimated by Heath-Carter method.<BR>The skinfold thickness in distance runners were significantly thinner at 14 sites than those of the control group. The mean subcutaneous fat in distance runners was 4.1±1.6 kg (8.6±2.8%), which was significantly lower than that of the control group (9.4±3.0 kg & 17.2±3.8%) . The mean internal fat in distance runners was 7.2±2.0 kg (15.5±3.5%), which tended to be lower than that of the control group (8.2±1.5 kg & 15.4±2.2%) . The mean fat mass and percentage of body fat in distance runners were 11.3±3.1 kg and 24.1±4.7%, respectively, which were siginificantly lower than those of the control group (17.6±4.2 kg & 32.6±5.2%) . On the other hand, somatotype scores in distance runners were 2.35-2.32-3.82, suggesting more ectomorphic. In addition, fat mass positively correlated with the first component (r=0.890-0.916, p<0.05), and negatively correlated with the third component (r=-0.635--0.818, p<0.05) . The subjects who were more ectomorphic had less fat mass. However, the second component that was mesomorphic had no significant correlation with lean body mass. And the mean lean body mass in distance runners was almost the same as that of the control group (35.1±2.5 kg & 36.1±3.5 kg) .<BR>The results of this study suggest that although endurance training done by elite female distance runners does not increase their lean body mass, it has a great influence on their subcutaneous fat.
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A study was conducted to investigate the validity of bioelectrical impedance measurement (BIM) for determining changes in body composition during treatment of obesity with an exercise and diet regimen. Eleven obese women, aged 38-57 yr (44±6.0 yr), participated in a weight reduction study. Before and after the weight reduction period, body composition was measured by the deuterium oxide (D<SUB>2</SUB>O) dilution and BIM methods. For both methods, the correlation coefficients were of the same order of magnitude under both pre- and postregimen conditions. Mean weight reduction was 3.59±1.518 kg and loss of total body fat was estimated to be 4.8±1.72 kg by the D<SUB>2</SUB>O method and 2.5±1.14 kg by the BIM method. Thus the BIM method underestimated the change in body fat compared with the D<SUB>2</SUB>O method. Changes in resistance (R) and height squared divided by R were not significant at the p>0, 05 level. However, the mean change in fat-free mass (FFM) found by the D<SUB>2</SUB>O method was significantly greater than that found by the BIM method. Furthermore, there was no significant correlation between the changes in FFM estimated by the D<SUB>2</SUB>O and BIM methods. These results show that after weight reduction the BIM method overestimates body composition. It is concluded that the BIM method is not a valid approach for measuring the small changes in body composition that occur during treatment of obesity.
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A new method for estimation of total body water in human subjects by measurement of bioelectrical impedance is described. Determinations of impedance (Z) were made in 24 healthy women aged 35.9±15.39 yr using an electrical impedance analyzer (T-1988 K, Toyo Physical Inc.) with a four-electrode arrangement that delivers a painless signal (500 μA at 50 kHz) into the body. The mean coefficient of variation for ten impedance measurements in 4 male subsamples was 0.8% (range, 0.2-1.2%) . Total body water determined by deuteriumdilution was 26.1±2.44<I>l</I>. The estimation equation was developed by regression analysis of data from 24 women. Height<SUP>2</SUP>/resistive impedance was the most significant variable for prediction of deuterium-dilution space (TBW) and yielded r=0.804 (p<0.001) with a SE of estimate= 1.41<I>l</I>. The regression equation generated was Total Body Water=0.5294 (Ht<SUP>2</SUP>/Z) + 2.5139. These data indicate that bioelectrical impedance measurement is a reliable and valid approach for the estimation of total body water in human subjects. This noninvasive method, which is safe, simple, rapid and convenient, should prove useful in a clinical setting, and also for epidemiological and exercise physiology studies.
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The validity to estimate changes in body fat and lean body mass (LBM) through total body water and prediction equation based on triceps and subscapular skinfolds was evaluated after a jogging-type training program. Eight obese boys and 11 obese girls had their total body water determined by D<SUB>2</SUB>O dilution method and underwent a complete series of anthropometric measurements at begining and end of a 2-year program. There was no significant reduction in body weight but a significant change in body water as determined by D<SUB>2</SUB>O dilution method. When compared to the body water method, the prediction equation was found to be highly inconsistent. The change values of the prediction equation was significantly higher than the body water method. The actual changes in LBM and % Fat were found to have low correlations with the predicted changes of boys. In addition, the prediction equation gave significantly higher water content of LBM than criterion value.<BR>This suggests that the practice of using prediction equation to estimate actual changes in body composition parameters after physical training program is basically unsound when used for research purposes.
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Forty-two anthropometric measurements were evaluated to determine total body water and percent fat of 71 adult males under 19-77 years of age. Deuterium oxid (D<SUB>2</SUB>O) dilution method was used to determine total body water. A step-wise multiple regression analysis of the data indicated that total body water and percent fat could be predicted from body surface area. Twenty-seven additional boys were tested to increase the sample size. Using the data from these 98 subjects, a step-wise multiple regression analysis gave an equation which yielded a multiple R=0.963 between the predicted total body water and the actual total body water as determined by D<SUB>2</SUB>O dilution method. The standard error of estimate was 1.92 water units and 4.55 percent fat units, respectively. These results indicate that the equation obtained provide an accurate method of body composition estimation when used on a population of Japanese men.
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0.05),but lean body weight(LBW) and total body water(TBW) increased significantly(P0.05),whereas LBW and TBW decreased significantly(P0.05),whereas LBW and TBW increased significantly(P